Sustainable business in a sustainable society

Presentation Sustainability in a business can be viewed as the achievement of the organization in both present moment and the since quite a while ago run. In the business milieu, there are numerous powers that influence the tasks of business and these assumes a basic job as the supervisors must characterize methods of defeating these challenges.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Sustainable business in a maintainable society explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before the advancement of business manageability and corporate social obligation, money related duty was the primary plan in many organizations yet this has changed as the requirement for organizations to consider the general public and nature before settling on any choices increments. Maintainability standards incorporate a pile of intentional estimates embraced by a business and which remember the social and ecological worries for the tasks of business and call for partner inclusion (Kleef R oome, 2007). These components include social, money related, natural chances and dangers that are inside the business aspect. At the point when business join solid social and monetary systems, there are probably going to defeat any present and future versatility and this put the business in a key position which in turns builds it future development (Lawrence Weber, 2010). In this paper, the announcement â€Å"The just suitable future for business is to turn into a maintainable business in a reasonable society† will be examined. A supportable business can be viewed as a business that: Uses practical crude materials Delivers administrations and items to shoppers that are regarded to be feasible Sells financial items Uses inexhaustible wellsprings of vitality Is socially included and help the general public around the organization All the above perspectives are utilized to guarantee that a business is maintainable. The greater part of the angles featured empower the business to deliver items that will have high utility incentive to purchasers and which don’t hurt the earth. Supportability likewise includes social cooperations where the organization is effectively engaged with helping the general public accomplish its goal (Johnson, Scholes, Whittingham, 2011). Another key issue is the requirement for systems adjusted by the business, to be naturally well disposed. For supportable business future, it is likewise basic that the business creates monetarily and can fulfill both the buyers and the employees.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategies to Achieve Business Sustainability As previously mentioned, the cutting edge business condition requires a business to adjust maintainable business techniques for it to be successful and feasible later on. Different procedures can be adjusted by the business to accomplish short and long haul m aintainability. The fundamental techniques used to accomplish business manageability can be assembled into three significant regions, these are: Economic procedures Social contribution Environmental security The social, affordable and ecological activities can be characterized as the triple main concern in the models utilized by supervisors to upgrade the business supportability. Monetary components incorporate methodologies that expansion benefits, limit on costs, advance the compelling utilization of assets and procedures that advance the fruitful activities of the business. The social elements envelop great staff treatment, the association of an organization in social exercises, decreasing costs for items be sold in low pay nations and locales, corporate social obligation, working with the general public on network ventures among others (Kotler Lee, 2005). Finally, it is basic that a business considers the need to adjust natural security techniques, for example, utilization of cl ean vitality, advancing the utilization of lean business procedure and, directing a lifecycle examination to guarantee that the items made don’t cause ecological contamination at any stage (Hitchcock Willard, 2009). Business Sustainability Methods and Their Importance Corporate Social Responsibility There are various route through which organizations connect with the individuals living around the network. One of the broadly utilized techniques is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). CSR can be characterized as making business progress in strategies that are moral, loathe the people groups accepts and secure the earth. The term is interchangeable to corporate citizenship, coordinate responsibility and business manageability. In the cutting edge world, it is unfeasible to make progress without considering in manageability. Corporate social obligation requires the usage of business systems considering the necessities and perspectives on the network and different partners in th e association (Bendell, 2005). The primary explanation behind business being engaged with CRS is the extraordinary impact that partners of the business have on its tasks. The partners of a business extraordinarily impact its exhibition straightforwardly and by implication. These partners incorporate the clients, the workers, investors, governments, activists, contenders among others. The clients of a given business greatly affect the activity of the business.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Sustainable business in a manageable society explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More These clients are typically drawn from the neighborhood, national and universal region where the business works. Activities by the organization influence nature where these clients live and consequently they have direct effect on them. Besides, when organizations take part in exercises that are helpful to the individuals living around there region, they make mindfulness about th e organization and this fabricates the certainty that purchasers have (Berkhout, 2005). This outcomes to more individuals purchasing the items dispersed by the organization. At the point when an organization tends to the social worries of the individuals, they will in general addition great relations with the clients and this realizes shopper dedication and builds the productivity of the business. At the point when a business association constructs trust with the network, the clients and the representatives become faithful to the business and this empowers it to have a serious edge when contrasted with the adversary organizations. By taking an interest in social exercises just as tending to the worries of networks, organizations can manufacture and support a brand picture for their items (Peter, 2009). This is especially significant as globalization has brought serious rivalry and there is extraordinary requirement for an organization to pull in and hold its clients. For business to be effectively, chiefs must guarantee that they assemble great relations between the organization and people, gatherings and foundations. Its absolutely impossible a business can flourish in a general public that is quickly crumbling. This requires the business to take part in exercises that will elevate the general public (Blowfield Murray, 2011). Furthermore, the representatives of an organization are additionally significant and CRS exercises must address them. It is significant for supervisors to comprehend that without the workers, the organization will fail. In such manner, business choices must instill the perspectives on the workers. As the organization develops, there is requirement for workers to be given alluring compensations and preparing. For reasonable business improvement, the organization must utilize some portion of its benefits in expanding the pay rates and furthermore instructing its workforce (Geoffrey, 2008). Thirdly, the administration keeps a nearby reconna issance on the company’s activity procedures. At the point when business produce items that are hurtful to the buyers or t beneath the shopper quality desires, the notoriety of that business may diminish and it can lose steadfast buyers. Governments have in the past constrained various organizations to review their items and this harms the picture of the organization. Economical business procedure details call for business to assess the legitimate and normally system and guarantee that they work inside this framework.Advertising Searching for article on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Notwithstanding the three advantages of CSR, there are different various points of interest that business increase because of their contribution in CRS exercises. These include: Better hazard the board: when chiefs consider the perspectives on partners during the executions of new procedures, the dangers are effectively indentified and techniques for overseeing them are defined. Maintainability calls for directors to think about the administration, lawful, social and natural variables during the dynamic procedure which result to more readily hazard the board. Improved notorieties: when an organization takes part in CRS, it increases great notorieties among the clients, investors, strategy creators and financial specialists. This outcomes to an improvement of the brand worth and value of the organization. This empowers the organization to draw in financial specialists, clients and representatives. Capacity to enroll and hold representatives: CSR empowers an organization to grow great human asset the board approaches. Most representatives are happy to work in associations that have amicable arrangements. Improved advancements: Companies that take part in CSR can recognize more business openings and receive other inventive methodologies as proposed by the partners. At the point when workers are fulfilled, they are fit for growing new items and giving out new business thoughts that might be advantageous to the association. At the point when a business considers the perspectives on the partners, there are probably going to tap rich and imaginative techniques from them (Daniel Winston, 2009). Improvement of viable flexibly chain The authoritative gracefully chain is one of the territories where an association is generally powerless. At the point when firms

The Angers of the Rich :: Character Analysis, Buchanan

Paul Krugman talks about points including outrage, riches, self indulgence, and vainglory in his article, â€Å"The Angry Rich.† All of these qualities are reflected in the character Tom Buchanan, from The Great Gatsby. Tom, who portrays himself as an imperious man, places himself above everybody since he has cash. In The Great Gatsby, cash administers the general public from where you live, whom you’re companions with, and even the manner in which individuals take a gander at you. Tom and Daisy both consider themselves select contrasted with every other person and put themselves over the principles. Tom has a courtesan, Myrtle, she isn’t the most engaging lady, yet it is sufficient to fuel the fire of Tom’s sense of self. The Great Gatsby represents Tom getting aggravated and furious while heading to the city because of seeing the connection among Daisy and Gatsby, and nobody educating him regarding it: â€Å"Did you see that?† †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You think I’m quite imbecilic, don’t you?†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ He stopped. The quick possibility surpassed him, pulled him once again from the edge of the hypothetical abyss† (121). Tom is beginning to get on that Daisy may be going behind his back with Gatsby, yet he has no privilege to be vexed; he is doing likewise with Myrtle! Tom’s acknowledgment additionally underpins his convictions in rules not concerning him since he is higher than every other person. Jordan Baker, one of Daisy’s companions, summarizes Tom’s emotions toward Gatsby in one explanation: â€Å"Listen, Tom. In the event that you’re such a pretender, for what reason did you welcome him to lunch?† requested Jordan crossly† (122). In the event that Tom has â€Å"made a little examination of this fellow† (122); and reasons that he doesn’t like him, at that point for what reason does he welcome him puts and go to his gathering? Before Nick goes to supper with the Buchanans, he fills us in on Tom’s special life: â€Å"Her husband†¦a national figure as it were, one of those men who arrive at such an intense restricted greatness at twenty-one that everything thereafter relishes of let-down. His family were gigantically wealthy† (Fitzgerald 6). This section represents Tom’s inconvenience free access to masses of cash. With this cash comes power and clearly this force has caused Tom to feel like he is at freedom to anything. Paul Krugman likewise expresses this in his article: â€Å"And among the irrefutably rich, a hostile feeling of privilege has taken hold† Another of Tom’s stunning qualities is having self indulgence.

How to Cope With Withdrawal Cravings

How to Cope With Withdrawal Cravings Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Print How to Cope With Withdrawal Cravings By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Updated on February 17, 2020 Michelangelo Gratton/The Image Bank/Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Cravings for alcohol or drugs are common among people who have been addicted, or even after a period of intense use. They are both physical and psychological in nature and are most intense during the acute withdrawal period the day or two after you stop using the drug or alcohol.  They can, however, also occur months or years after withdrawal. There are many theories about what causes cravings, but the bottom line is that if you have been addicted you will almost certainly experience cravings. Here are some key points you should understand if youre coping with cravings after withdrawing from an addictive substance: Facts About Cravings Cravings are normal. Researchers have discovered that people who have experienced addiction have chemical changes in their brains which make cravings more likely.Cravings do not mean there is a problem. The fact that you crave a substance does not mean that you are weak or unable to manage your desires.Different people have different experiences with cravings. Some can actually ignore their cravings, while others need specific strategies to avoid temptations.  Cravings do not last forever. They come in waves â€" they build up, reach a peak, and then subside. Knowing this may make it easier to encounter and manage cravings. You are very vulnerable to cravings shortly after becoming abstinent from your drug of choice. When used appropriately, methadone can notably reduce cravings and the risk of relapse.?? Is There Medication That Will Reduce Alcohol Craving? Why and When  Cravings Occur There are psychological triggers that you will almost certainly encounter in your daily life. Here are some specific situations in which cravings are most likely to occur: When you are exposed to whatever youre addicted to (alcohol, drugs, foods, etc.)??When you see others enjoying whatever youre addicted toWhen you are interacting  with people, places, times of day, and situations associated with your addictive substance or activity  (evenings, weekends, and time with old friends can be particularly difficult)??When you are feeling particular emotions you associate with the addictive substance or activity (depending upon your particular psychology, you may be most vulnerable when youre frustrated, tired, or stressed â€" or when youre happy, excited, or eager to share your success).  When youre experiencing physical sensations you associate with your addictive substance or activity (fatigue, shakiness, etc.). Research suggests that addictions cause changes in brain chemistry that make cravings more likely. Tips for Managing Cravings Everyone has a different response to cravings; if one of the following tips doesnt work for you, try another! Know your triggers.?? As you go through your day, take note of cravings â€" even mild ones â€" and keep a journal. This will help you to anticipate and plan for cravings as they arise.If youre planning to be in a location or with people who trigger cravings, have a specific plan in mind for managing your feelings. Know what youll eat or drink, know how youll leave the situation, know who to call if you need support.Keeping busy to distract yourself from the cravings can be helpful in focusing your attention away from the desire to take more of the drug.??Talk about your cravings. For some people, talking about cravings is one way to enlist the support of friends â€" and to move through and past the need to indulge.Surfing through the craving. In some cases, distraction may not help â€" and you may simply need to experience the ups and downs of cravings. In that case, it may help to recall the negatives of the addiction and the hard work youve already done to overcome it.Positive self -talk can often help people through cravings. Yes, youre worth the pain of saying no to something that is likely to harm you in the long run.Music therapy is helpful for reducing cravings; listening to music may distract you from the cravings and calm the physical symptoms of cravings, helping you feel better.??Exercise is one of the easiest ways of reducing cravings because it releases endorphins which make you feel better, and it changes your bodily sensations, making it easier to distract your attention away from physical cues to take more drugs or alcohol. However, start gently, particularly if you are also experiencing fatigue and/or muscle weakness, and avoid developing a substitute exercise addiction by keeping your daily exercise under two hours.? If you have recently become abstinent, avoid triggering situations, or at least be prepared to experience cravings if you go into a triggering situation. 5 Ways to Curb Your Drug Cravings and Avoid Relapse

How to Spot Fake News Lesson Plan for Grades 9-12

Do We Need Sleep - 1051 Words

What exactly goes on in the brain during sleep? Nerve-signaling chemicals called neurotransmitters, control whether we are asleep or awake by acting on different groups of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain. Neurons in the brainstem, which connects the brain with the spinal cord, produce neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine that keep some parts of the brain active while we are awake (http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/understanding_sleep.htm). So why do we need sleep? Sleep is important to the essence of every person. Sleep offers the brain an opportunity to sort through new and old information, to find solutions to problems, and to archive memories. One of the essential roles of sleep is to help us solidify and centralize our memories. As we go about our day, our brains take in a very large amount of information. This information is not directly recorded, it’s rather that these facts and experiences first must be processed and stored; and mos t of this processing happens while we sleep. The brain reinforces memory and categorizes everything learned and removes any useless information. This paper will cover how lack of sleep can be detrimental to a person. The primary symptoms of sleep deprivation that will be discussed are dangerous health issues such as cognitive dysfunction, weight gain and physical health. The central nervous system is the information highway of the human body. To keep it functional sleep is a must. Sleep deprivationShow MoreRelatedWhy Do We Need Sleep?1713 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Do We Need Sleep? Typed By: Miracle Taylor Regulating sleep is something our bodies do that is as natural as eating, drinking, and breathing. This implies that sleeping serves a similar role in our health and well being. Even though it is difficult to answer the question â€Å"Why do we need sleep?† scientists have developed several theories that may explain why we spend a third of our lives sleeping. Comprehending these theories can help expand our appreciation of the functionRead MoreSleep: Why We Need It or Do We? There are many different philosophies on how much sleep the body1200 Words   |  5 PagesSleep: Why We Need It or Do We? There are many different philosophies on how much sleep the body needs or doesn’t need. Sleep has been said to be the body’s way of refueling. It allows the body to restore its mental energy (msnbc.com). The question is how much sleep does the body truly need to function? One theory pertaining to sleep is that if your body has a lack of sleep it would just adapt to less sleep. Sleep deprivation can cause us to lose our agility, cognitive, and immune responsesRead MoreThe Human Body And Body Needs Sleep835 Words   |  4 PagesTo Sleep. Everyone knows the human body needs sleep. For some people, sleep is what they enjoy most, but why do human beings need sleep? Why is the urge to collapse into the warm safety of our beds so tempting? Why are we so grumpy when we don’t get enough sleep? Sleeping isn’t only relaxing but it is also helpful to your brain and body. â€Å"We have to sleep because it is essential to maintaining normal levels of cognitive skills such as speech, memory, innovative and flexible thinking. Sleep alsoRead MoreHow Technology Affects Sleep1438 Words   |  6 PagesMany do not believe that we have a technology problem in today’s society. But, ninety-five percent of people use technology an hour before they go to sleep (How Technology Affects Sleep). This is an alarming amount of people who use technology before they go to sleep. You do not have to be looking directly at the technology to trigger the pineal gland to stop releasing melatonin (Kim). Many also believe that lack of sleep due to technology does not affect how they do their daily jobs. Seventy-fiveRead MoreSleep : Rapid Eye Movement1243 Words   |  5 Pages Sleep Jordan Maestas Mrs. Wallace English 12-5thâ€Æ' Sleep Sleep is vital for survival and is just as important to sustain life as food and water. Humans would not be able to survive without sleep. Without sleep our bodies would not get the rest needed for the necessary development and restoration. Sleep is a period of time when there is full or fractional unconsciousness and there is limited movement in our muscles. During sleep our brain and bodies get the rest that is crucial in order to performRead MoreSleep : A Condition Of Body And Mind990 Words   |  4 PagesSleep:/slÄ“p/ (noun) 1. A condition of body and mind such as that which typically recurs for several hours every night, in which the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended (Google Search Dictionary). Humans need sleep to function. Without it, our body cannot survive physically or mentally. Sleep helps the body replenish its need for energy and leaves you feeling awake and refreshed when y ou wake up; therefore, itRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep On Our Bodies904 Words   |  4 PagesWe all know that after a good night of sleep we feel recharged and happier, and if having gone without sleep for a while we may end up cranky and most likely cannot function correctly. But why do we feel better after waking up from a deep slumber and feel worse without sleep? Why do our bodies need to shut down for such a long period of time? Unfortunately scientists are still trying to find this answer themselves. Although through a sufficient amount of research, scientists have found out how sleepRead More Sleep, Dreams, and Our Mental and Physical Processes Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesSleep, Dreams, and Our Mental and Physical Processes Scientists have been researching and conducting studies to discover the true meaning of sleep and dreams. Scientists have developed a few theories on whether we sleep and dream to build up our mental or physical energy. According to the author of an article in Encarta Encyclopedia, Siegel defined sleep as the natural state of rest characterized by reduced body movement and decreased awareness of surroundings (Siegel). In an article onRead MoreSleep Is Essential On A Daily Basis Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Sleep Importance Sleep is essential on a daily basis. It allows the body to rest and replenish itself for the next day. These days, lack of sleep is a result of people not taking sleep seriously or having a lightly thought about sleep. Our sleep habits directly affect our life on a daily basis and it has an important role throughout our whole life. Not having the right amount of sleep every night can affect our mental and physical health. Having a better knowledge about what causes sleep problemsRead MoreDoes The Early Bird Really Get The Worm?983 Words   |  4 PagesSleep Does the early bird really get the worm? This has been an old time saying for many, many moons. Times are changing and many more people are starting to work/live the night life. Life is becoming more open at night as well. What is this really doing to the human body and can people functions properly being a night owl. In this paper we are going to be learning together and finding something we may have not known about. Does the early bird really get the worm? So how does the sleep cycle work

The Role of Computers in Medical Procedures Free Essays

We all live in an age of science and technology. The appliances of science and technology have revolutionized our way of life. There is nothing that has influenced our lives more than a computer. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Computers in Medical Procedures or any similar topic only for you Order Now There can not be any field that is devoid of the influence of computer applications. From agriculture to rocket science, computers have significant roles to play. The demand of computers has always been on the increase for some time in many fields. Among the fields that have made tremendous advances in the twentieth century due to the advent of computers, medicine stands out from the rest. Computers are used in medicine in almost all areas. Whether it is diagnosis, treatment, research or data management, computers have there own applications. Whatever we enjoy today in terms of our health may not be possible without the invaluable contribution of computers. Therefore, my endeavor is to discuss how significantly computers have contributed in the field of medicine. Diagnosis helps to determine the nature of a disease. Without a proper diagnosis, a disease can not be treated effectively. Before the advent of computers, physicians merely guessed at what caused certain diseases. Consequently, many patients either ended up in getting treatment for something that they did not require treatment for or losing their lives. This unfortunate situation does not exist at all now. Thanks to computers, physicians can diagnose a disease with astonishing efficiency nowadays. Modern diagnosis consists of three main steps. Taking of patient’s health history, examining the patient physically and conducting laboratory or radiological examinations are the three main steps. In all three steps, computers are used invariably. Instead of guessing the causes for a disease, the physicians just have to enter the symptoms of a patient into the computers. With the help of artificial intelligence, they get a crystal clear picture of the disease. For example, Twenty years ago, doctors relied on conjectures to determine the causes of heart attacks. But now, they use chemicals, nuclear imaging devices and databases they diagnose heart attacks with great accuracy and treat them with tremendous success. Telemedicine is a novel idea that can play a great part in diagnosis. In telemedicine, arrangements are made to see patients via video or computers links. When a specialist sees a patient through computer links, the specialist can provide diagnosis for the disease and help to obtain a proper treatment. Computers are also being used to produce patterns to help physicians diagnose problems of the brain. Research has revealed that a certain pattern of stripes can be painful to look at for some people. â€Å"The pattern resembles a circle filled with alternating black-and -white vertical stripes. At a viewing distance of forty-three centimeters, this grating has a spatial frequency of three cycles/degree of visual arc and a Michelson contrast of about 0.7.† As mentioned earlier, computers are used in medical treatments as well. Computer aided surgery known, as CAS can be a well-known example. Initially, CAS meant a technology of surgical simulation using three-dimensional organ models reconstructed by medical imaging using a computer graphics technique. There is a notion among the public that CAS completely replaces surgeons’ hands with robots. This is not the purpose of CAS. Invention in CAS is always to support surgeons but not replace them. Decision-making is the most important process in surgery. Only the surgeons should make decisions regarding a surgery. CAS can provide a lot of new styles of surgery that we have never imagined. Endoscopic surgery is good example. Modern surgery is to remove or replace legions, but rapid progress in laser surgery or radiological treatment may make it unnecessary in the future. Thanks to computers, surgery without operation has become reality. The Role of Computers in Storing and Processing Information Computers have been used as storage of medical information for many years. Electronic patient records called EPR are good examples to prove the worth of computers as information storage. Due to startup and running costs, training staff motivation, obsolesce, poor function possibility for abuse, risk of loss of confidentiality, EPR were not used very much in the past, but now they are very common. They have become almost indispensable. They have many advantages â€Å"Faster and simpler access to notes, maintenance of more detailed notes over longer periods, reduced staffing levels, ease of booking, investigation orders and results, health updates, reminders, integration with telemedicine, ease of integration of non-hospital based care, increased ability to collect health information.† Computers are used for scheduling and appointment keeping. They are used to keep track of patients’ visits. With the help of word processors, letters are typed and sent to patients reminding them for follow-up appointments. Accurate keeping of detailed patient records is extremely important to the medical practitioners. Therefore, medical practitioners have to rely on computers heavily in order to be efficient and successful in their profession. Exchange of medical information among the medical professionals has become a common thing now. With the help of computers, they are able to share valuable information with a high level of confidentiality. Computer conferencing is an effective way of achieving this purpose. The Role of Computers in Medical Research and Education The life span of human beings gets increased with the passage of time. This has been possible only owing to the concerted efforts effort’s of medical scientists. They have to conduct researches not only to find out the causes for different diseases and ailments, but also to explore new cures for those diseases. Computers are very much utilized in research and education. Modern computer is capable of designing drugs these days. At first, a scientist must find the molecular structure of the targeted virus or bacterium, and then a computer helps find a magic bullet drug to combat it. Incredible equipment from chemistry, atomic energy, and basic physics research help biologists find the structure of molecules. Radioisotopes are used to track molecule through any living organism. Chromatography is used to separate and identify chemicals. Through a computer nuclear magnetic resonance (N MR) produces images, that show charges in the living organism as they happen. Tiny electrodes monitor the movement of material in and out of a cell. Then the exact structure of a molecule is seen by an X-ray crystallography. Once the structure of the molecule is seen, the data is put into a computer and the image of the molecule appears on screen. The image can be turned around to view at all possible angles. The purpose is to design another molecule that will fit the disease organism. The new molecule will be an effective drug. â€Å"A drug designed in this way has a good chance of being effective and safe† Three-dimensional computer models of the human thorax, lungs, heart, arteries, and veins are already available to help train medical students. This allows students to be able to perform dissections or surgeries on the models instead of on real human cadavers. These major achievements in medicine have greatly helped people around the world. It has made life easier for us. Further more, computers are becoming an essential tool in medical education. They are used to enhance the learning process. The ability of a computer to incorporate text, graphics, animation, and sound all at the same time improves the presentations of materials better than a textbook. In addition, a concept known as a hypertext system helps the student to understand a specific topic better. A hypertext system allows the user to browse through other materials related to the user’s topic. Also, software-based programs are used for tutorials and multimedia textbooks. The Advantages of Computers in Medicine After the introduction of computers to medicine, we have witnessed an abrupt abundance of new technologies and discoveries in this field. However, computers are also beneficial in medical education and its practice. As new developments are made in medicine, the medical literature continues to grow. There has not been such a huge explosion of new information in history than these past few decades. â€Å"It is estimated that that the quantity of information is doubling every two years.† Yet, our brain capacity stays the same. The ability of a computer to incorporate text, graphics, animation, and sound help students to understand and retain more information. Also, a computer can link the students to other areas related to the subject of their studies. This application of computers to incorporate more text and graphics is known as the use of hypertext and/or hyper media. This is very advantageous because more of the senses are engaged, increasing the chances to recall the information presented. Another matter to keep in consideration is that the information can easily be updated and immediately distributed to those concerned. This allows students and physicians to obtain current information to serve their patients better. In the practice of medicine, doctors have been relieved of the small manual tasks they must perform. For example, doctors no longer have to be bothered keeping manual records of patient visits. There are fewer chances of losing or forgetting an appointment and it so the information can easily be retrieved. In maintaining billing, the computer is very accurate when performing mathematical tasks. In addition, it allows doctors to keep very organized and detailed patient records. Also computers provide assistance in decision-making situations. In making a diagnosis, the doctor simply has to enter the patient’s symptoms and the computer provides him or her possible diagnosis and therapies. If a doctor wishes to consult with other doctors, he contacts them through E-mails. The computer also allows doctors to keep with current news and differentiate which alternative therapies have scientific basis. Overall, computers have helped doctors in serving their patients to the best of thei r abilities. The Disadvantages of Computers in Medicine Where there are benefits, there are also problems. The negative impact of computers on people in our society is that people can become over-dependent on them. They rely on the computer to do everything. When the computer fails to work out a problem, they become distraught. Computer reliance is a big downfall for many people. Computers do not always give correct answers. There are occasions where the computer will make the wrong diagnosis, which can result in the worsening of a patient’s condition. Another problem with computers is that they are prone to viruses and breakdowns. If a virus enters a computer, it has the potential to destroy every file in it. Then, all patient records are lost. Computer breakdowns and power shortages prevent the doctor form accessing patients’ records and files. However, scanning the computer for viruses and making backup hard copies can prevent this. Computers can never mechanize the art of medicine. Neither can they eliminate the need of human beings. What they can do is help us bring relevant and timely information to bear on our care of individual patients. They can also help run the medical offices or hospitals in a way that makes good business sense. That is why many physicians have embraced the computer and made information technology an integral part of their approach to patient care. That is why they have been able to meet the increasing needs of the patents remarkably well. How to cite The Role of Computers in Medical Procedures, Essay examples

Business Structure Supreme Pty Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Business Structure for Supreme Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction: In the first part of this assignment, it needs to be discussed, which business structure will be most suitable for Jack, Jill and Max, who are already running a successful business of selling trucks. However they have not yet organized a formal business structure therefore they want advice regarding the business structure that will be most appropriate for them. For this purpose, the advantages and the disadvantages that are related with the options available to them in this regard also need to be discussed. In second part of the assignment, the liability of Child Toys Supreme Pty Ltd needs to be discussed regarding a statement made by a salesperson of the company, Betty. She had promised to the retailer customers of the company that the toys being sold by the company do not contain any harmful plastic chemicals but this statement was not true. The result was that the retailer customers of the company lost sales when the truth regarding the presence of chemical elements in the toys becomes known. At the same time, a child is also seriously injured as a result of these harmful chemicals. Under these circumstances, the liability of Child Toys Supreme Ltd needs to be discussed. Another issue that is present in this regard is if Child Toys can take action against Charles as he had formed a company that competes with the business of Child Toys in violation of the clause present in the employment contract of Charles. In this case, the issue that needs to be decided is related with the business structure that will prove to be most suitable for Jack, Jill and Max. For this purpose, they want to know the advantages and disadvantages that are connected with the business structure that they can adopt in the future. On the basis of the facts that have been provided in this version, you can be said that the incorporation of the company will prove to be most suitable for the parties. The reason is that several benefits will be available to Jack, Jill and Max if they opt for the incorporation of a company. For example, the benefit of limited liability will be available to the parties in this case. Consequently, if Jack, Jill and Max have registered a company for running their business, their liability will be limited as the shareholders of the company. The reason is that according to the law, the shareholders are generally not treated as liable for the debts that have been incurred by the company (Gillies, 2004.). In case of a company, the shareholders will only be liable up to the amount that has been invested by them in the company (Foss v Harbottle, 1843). Likewise, the creditors of the company are allowed to enforce their rights only against the company and the sides cannot be enforced against the shareholders (Macaura v Northern Assurance Co Ltd., 1925). Another benefit available in case of a company is that of perpetual succession (Graw and Sangkuhl, 2015). The existence of the company is not dependent on the shareholders/directors or other officers (Re Noel Tedman Holdings Pty Ltd. 1967). Consequently, the existence of the company will not be impacted by any changes made as a result of the death or retirement of members. The reason behind this position is that a company is stated as having its own identity. By incorporating a company in the present case, the parties will also have a significant source to raise capital for the business. For example, a company can issue different classes of shares for the purpose of raising capital. One more benefit that is available in case of a company is that it provides prestige and credibility to the business. However this does not mean that there are no disadvantages associated with the business structure of a company. Therefore when the parties decide to register Company, visit also keep in mind these disadvantages. The first disadvantages that the initial cost of setting up a company is higher as compared to the situation when the parties are running their business as sole trader or partnership (Hanrahan, 2010). The regulatory requirements that have been imposed on a company are also higher than the parties have registered a company. According to the law, the records of the company should be maintained diligently (Harris, Hargovan and Adams, 2015). The company is also required to elect their directors, hold their meetings and certain information is also required to be provided to the shareholders. In this case, Jack, Jill and Max have been running their ranking business successfully. However there now, they are not organized in a formal business structure. Consequently, it can be advised that they should opt for the registration of a company for running their business. In this part of the question, the issue is if Marty is responsible for the misrepresentation and negligence of Betty, who is a salesperson of Child Toys Supreme while Marty is the sole director of the company. Betty had promised to a retailer customer that the toys of the company do not contain any harmful plastic chemicals, but in reality, it was not true. The result was that the child suffered serious injuries and the retailer customer also lost sales. Under these circumstances, the issue arises if Child Toys can be held accountable to the injured child and the retailer customers. According to the law, it has been clearly mentioned that the principal will be liable for the acts of the agent when the agent was acting within its authority that has been conferred under the agency agreement. As a result of this position under the law, if the agent has acted while furthering the interests of his or her principal and similarly it can be said that the actions of the agent are according to the agency agreement, it can be said that the legal liability arising out of such acts may fall on the principal (Vermeesch and Lindgren, 2011). In such a situation, it has been provided by the law that if any third party has been wronged as a result of the actions of the agent, such person can either sue the principal or the agent (Fleming, 2011). But if in such a case, the third party has decided to sue the agent, in such a case and option is available to the agent to enforce the right according to which, the agent can be indemnified by the principal (Khoury and Yamouni, 2010). Hence, it is very important that the principle remains aware of the scope of authority provided to the agent in accordance with agency agreement (Vermeesch and Lindgren, 2005). But in some cases, the law may presu me that the agent will be held directly liable for such actions (Lambiris, 2011). In this context, an example can be given of the situation where there has been fraud or gross negligence committed by the agent (Lipton, Herzberg and Welsh, M, 2016). But even in such a case, sometimes the principal can still be considered as liable although the actions of the agent was beyond the authority that has been provided to the agent. In the present question, it has to be seen that the Australian Consumer Law prohibits any misleading or deceptive conduct that may take place in context of trade and commerce (Williams v Pisano, 2015). This provision is a part of section 18 of the Act. Therefore in this case, Betty had made a misrepresentation while he was acting as a salesperson of the company or in other words, was the agent of the company (Lambris, 2010). Under these circumstances, a misrepresentation has been made by Betty and it can be said that this statement was made by Betty in furtherance of the business of the principal (Seddon and Ellinghas, 2008). As a result, in this case Child Toys will be held responsible for the misrepresentation and the loss and injuries suffered by the third parties. The issue arises in this part is if any action can be taken by Child Toys Pty Ltd against Charles for his actions. The issue arises due to the fact that there was a clause in the employment contract of John's according to which he was prohibited from competing against Child Toys Pty Ltd for two years after he has retired. But soon after his retirement, Charles decided to start a business that was in direct competition with Child Toys. With this objective in mind, Charles and his wife formed a company, Better Toys Pty Ltd. In this company, the sole director was Charles' wife, while both of them were the shareholders of the company. Under these circumstances, it has to be determined if the restrictive covenant that was present in Charles' employment contract with Child Toys can be enforced against the new company, Better Toys Pty Ltd. For this purpose, the corporate veil may need to be lifted. According to the basic principle of corporations law, a company is considered as having its own distinct identity and therefore it is separate from its members (Graw, 2011). The doctrine of separate legal identity was mentioned by the court in Salomon v Salomon (1896). However with the passage of time, a number of exceptions have been developed to this rule (Graw, 2008). Therefore, there are certain circumstances when the court may set aside the distinct identity of a corporation and hold the members of the corporation, liable for his actions (Associated Foreign Exchange Ltd v International Foreign Exchange (UK) Ltd., 2010). This action is called lifting the corporate veil. Such an action was taken by the court in Gilford Motor Company Ltd v Horne (1933). The facts of this case resemble the issue present in this question. Mr. Horne was acting as a managing director of Gilford Motor Company and after he had left the company, he established another company and started soliciting the customers of Gilford Motor Company. The section was in breach of the non-competition covenant that has been mentioned in this employment contract. Therefore while deciding the issue, an injunction was granted by the Court of Appeal against Horne and his company. The court stated that the new company can be considered as a cloak that has been used by Horne to breach the non-competition covenant. A similar decision was given in Jones v Lipman (1962). In this case also, Charles had incorporated Better Toys Pty Ltd with a view to evade the breach of covenant according to which, Charles will not compete with the business of Child Toys for two years after he has left the company. In this way, the court may decide to let the corporate veil and the covenant can be imposed against the members of Better Toys Pty Ltd. Hence, action can be taken against Charles and Better Toys for the breach of covenant. References Fleming, J., 2011. The Law of Torts. Law Book Company. Gillies P., 2004. Business Law. 12th ed. Australia: Federation Press. Graw, P., and Sangkuhl, W 2015 Understanding Business Law 7th ed LexisNexis Butterworths Graw, S 2011, An Introduction to the Law of Contract, 7th Ed., Thomson Reuters. Graw, S., 2008. An Introduction to the Law of Contract. 6th ed. Australia: Thomson. Hanrahan, P., 2010. Commercial Application of Company Law. Australia: CCH. Harris, J. Hargovan, A. Adams, M. 2015, Australian Corporate Law LexisNexis Butterworths 5th edition, Khoury, D., Yamouni, Y., 2010. Understanding Contract Law. 10th ed. Australia: LexisNexis Lambiris, M., 2011, First Principles of Business Law, Australia: CCH. Lambris, M., 2010, First Principles of Business Law, Australia: CCH. Lipton P, Herzberg A and Welsh, M, 2016, Understanding Company Law, 18th edition 2016 Thomson Reuters Seddon N.C. and Ellinghas M.P., 2008, Cheshire and Fifoots Law of Contract, Australia 27th ed. Butterworths Vermeesch, R B, Lindgren, K E, 2011, Business Law of Australia Butterworths, 12th Edition Vermeesch, R. B., and Lindgren, K. E., 2005, Business Law of Australia, 11th ed. Australia: Butterworths. Associated Foreign Exchange Ltd v International Foreign Exchange (UK) Ltd and Another ChD (2010) EWHC 1178 Foss v Harbottle (1843) 67 ER 189 Gilford Motor Co Ltd v Horne [1933] Ch 935 Jones v Lipman and Another ChD ([1962] 1 WLR 832 Macaura v Northern Assurance Co Ltd [1925] AC 619 Re Noel Tedman Holdings Pty Ltd. (1967) QdR 561 Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd [1896] UKHL 1 Williams v Pisano [2015] NSWCA 177.

The Day I Was Born free essay sample

Today, I am going to tell you a little bit about myself and the year I was born. My name is Jack, 27 years old and I am extremely terrified right now. I was born in July 7th 1984. It seems like I am the oldest student in this class. As I am an international student, I grew up in Korea until 21 and went to a Korean army as a gunner and came to the U. S. I studied in Seattle for 3 years and moved to Corvallis three month ago. I am a senior student and majoring in Finance. That was pretty much about myself. Now, I am going to tell you two interesting events in the year I was born First, Macintosh computer was released in 1984. The Macintosh was introduced by the now famous Ridley Scott television commercial first. Two days after the 1984 ad aired, the Macintosh went on sale. It came bundled with two applications designed to show off its interface: MacWrite and MacPaint. We will write a custom essay sample on The Day I Was Born or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was first demonstrated by Steve Jobs in the first of his famous Mac Keynote speeches. Right after the release of Macintosh, Apple Company became very popular. Third, On January 27, 1984, Michael and other members of the Jacksons filmed a Pepsi Cola commercial. While Michael was filming in front of a full house of fans during a simulated concert, pyrotechnics accidentally set Jacksons hair on fire. He suffered second-degree burns to his scalp. Jackson underwent treatment to hide the scars on his scalp, and he also had his third rhinoplasty shortly thereafter. Jackson never recovered from this injury. In conclusion, preparing this presentation was good experience for me, I learned more about history happened the year I was born which I never cared about. The day I was born free essay sample The scramble, the chaos, the disarray, everyone rushing to the hospital all because of me! Well, all that happened 18 years ago on a sunny day 28th of June 1995 at 04:20 am at Ãâ€"stra hospital in Gothenburg. My heart felt mother - gave birth to an awesome, wonderful, amazing son. My mom says that I had head full of hair and looked like a fur ball. With that, I was 4kg baby. My parents named me after my fathers friend named , him and my father were very close when they lived in the same village in Jericho, Palestine, and when my father moved to Sweden, him and no longer had the friendship they use to have. That is why my name is Faris. My middle name is , and that is also my fathers name. It is pretty much arabic tradition that the sons and daughters gets the fathers name as a middle name. We will write a custom essay sample on The day I was born or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But there are exceptions for example, my brother - middle name is Peter, my sister middle name is Sanna, and my other sisters middle name is Lena. I find it pretty funny that they have swedish middle names. My mom says she really didn’t have any certain cravings, but that she always was craving food and never gained the weight she should of with the amount of food she ate. She said that one time she woke up in the middle of the night and was craving cheeseburges, so my dad went out and bought some taco bell for her, and once he came back she didn’t want it anymore and wanted an arabic dish called Mlokhie. My dad went to the kithen to cook the dish for her and once he was done, my mom was sleeping and didn’t eat any of it. I was born last of six children, so you can easily say that my family is the big stereotypical arab family. So during my upbringing you can say that I got a lot of beatings from my sibling. When I was born we lived in an apartement in Hà ¶gsbo, and now, 18 years later, me and my father are still living here. The first months of my life was pretty difficult for me and my parents, when  I was only two weeks old I got my first illness, it was the whooping cough, and I spent over a month in the hospital after that, but life went on and here I am, writing an essay that is more than a week late. (sorry Mats) June 28 was a dull day, nothing special happened that day that was worth mentioning. But only one day after I was born the Sampoong Department Store collapsed, it was located in South Korea. The collapse is the largest peacetime disaster in South Korean history as 502 people died and 937 were injured. It was the deadliest building collapse until the September 11 attacks in New York City. This is really horrible, and I had actually never heard of this accident before I was doing this essay. Celebrity wise, my birthday was kind of dull to, the only name I recognize on the list of celebrities with the same birthday as me is Mel Brooks, and I dont even know how I know him. So today is 16th of september, exactly 6655 days after I was born, and I still have a head full of hair, just hoping that I dont look like a fur ball.

Musculoskeletal Lecture Notes Essay Example

Musculoskeletal Lecture Notes Essay Example Musculoskeletal Lecture Notes Essay Musculoskeletal Lecture Notes Essay Musculoskeletal Physiology Be familiar with bones and muscles of body 3 types of muscle skeletal, smooth, cardiac attaches muscle to bone, decreasing angle of Joints during contraction proximal part of esophagi doesnt connect to bone, proximal (upper) conscious control is primary skeletal, distal is involuntary and smooth muscle T- tubules: inside is SEC, deep investigations of plasma membrane in muscle cell PM is sarcoma allows high concentration of Ca, like other CE spaces (ICC Is low) Ca floods into cell through T-tubules at uniform and fast rate Ca signals contraction Triads t tubes with ceroplastic respectful (also high In Ca) on each side, SIR Is resolve for Ca Ca comes In from SIR T-tubule Motor unit Neuromuscular Junction 22. 1. Skeletal muscles are all innervated by somatic nerves, conscious control Neuron goes directly to the muscle and innervated it Motor unit is a single axon and all the muscle fibers it innervates Short distance from terminal of axon and muscle fiber, d/t ACH dumped Into synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on skeletal muscle, when Ach withdrawn muscle relaxes Nerve Impulse down axon, when hits the Exxon terminus It causes a voltage gated Ca channel to pen, wave of depopulation causes Ca to come Into cell (Ca tells cells to do what It does best) and axon terminus releases Its neurotransmitters. ACH) ACH vesicle fuses with plasma membrane, what was inside the vesicle Is now outside the cell, ACH drifts across synaptic cleft to bind to an ACH channel, when 2 Aches bind the channel opens, this allows An to move into the muscle fiber. An wants to go into cell anyways (+ inside). An floods into cell causing muscle fiber to deplorable, causing voltage gated An channel causing further deportation. Ultimately causing voltage dated Ca channel on a T-tubule to open, then Ca flows into cytoplasm from SIR. Rapid influx of Ca throughout muscle cell. Ca channels: 1) Voltage gated Ca channel also called: DIP receptors, on T tubule, open d/t deportation of sarcoma. 2) Ca induced Ca channels = reloading channels which are on the SIR and open In response to DIP receptors allowing Ca to come In from SIR. During popularization the Ca gets pumped back Into SIR to Walt for next deportation Muscle Contraction 22. 1. 3 Acting: globular protein thats forms together to make a filament Transmission: small sections that form together and bind to acting at specific place. @ rest covers myosin binding site Trooping: bound to tromping. Parts, l: Ignore C: binds to Ca when it comes into cell T: binds to tromping. When Ca binds to trooping, causes trooping to move tromping exposing the myosin binding site Myosin can now bind to acting, muscle contracts 4 steps to muscle contraction 1 . Myosin head bind to acting filament that has been uncovered, causing release of Phosphate 2. Head of bound myosin flicks, moves one acting globulin, this is the powe r stroke 3. TAP binds to acting head, allowing release of, requires and TAP 4. TAP is hydroxide and head is repositioned As long as Ca is available this will occur. If muscle runs out of TAP = release cant happen = rigor Morris Muscle Fiber Types, Injury Repair 22. 1. 4 Slow oxidative Type 1 more TAP is hydrazine in reposition stage, happens slow high fatigue resistance, lots of oxidative compatibility, aerobic makes TAP as needs it more mitochondria b/c it needs it more myosin RED dark meat (legs walk a lot) doesnt need to store a lot of glycogen smaller and weaker fibers recruit these smaller motor units first Fast oxidative Type AAA Fast glaciology Type b less TAP is hydrazine in reposition stage, happens fast (lox faster) low fatigue resistance, slow oxidative compatibility, anaerobic, blows through TAP fast few mitochondria few capillaries and myosin WHITE breast (wings- seldom) high glycogen content (glycoside) larger and stronger recruit these larger motor units less often Denigrate and innervate (spinal cord injury) other axons will re-innervate those that have been devastated, less fine control Karri poison dart frog Blocks ACH receptor, powerful neuromuscular blockade Colostomies Botulism Causes ACH vesicles to not fuse with PM bottom paralyze muscles, half life is a month or so Colostomies Tennis EXCESSIVE release of ACH, muscle tenses, EX: lock Jaw Mechanical Disorders of the Bone 23. 1. 2 Arthritis- Osteoarthritis Gout Bursitis inflammation of bursa Bone Cancer 1% Dislocation movement of bone out of normal position, no tendon injury Sprains injury to Joint that involves ligament damage Strain occurs to muscles or tendons Fractures Oblique: oblique angle Occult: difficult to visualize, neck of femur Open: skin has been penetrated Pathologic: secondary to another disease EX: CA Segmented: broken into multiple pieces Spiral: oblique angle but spirals, result of twisting force Transverse: straight across Cricketing: cortex is only broken on one side, break doesnt go all the way through Impacted: two ends impacted, pushed one end into other Repair: Casts, external fixation may be needed so pin goes through bone (ankles holds tarsal anchored to tibia) Syphilis- compression fractures, older woman, hump Loriss pregnant women, wet pulls lumbar vertebrae forward increase curvature Scoliosis teenage girls, S-shaped back Treatment: surgery to place intertribal rods Osteoporosis 23. . 3 Osteoporosis loss of bone mass, traceable bone (spongy bone) lots in vertebrates Thinner cortex Estonian: precursor to osteoporosis, some bone loss Women affects men less 1. Men have larger bone mass to begin with 2. Menopause increases rate of bone loss 3. Men die younger, dont have a chance to loss the bone Males continue to produce bone at almost same rate as it is being reabsorbed Descant: X-rays through bone to see attenuation of bones,

Article review form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article review form - Essay Example Pressure could be another source of conflict. Employees felt they were pressured so much by the stewards who were not ready to negotiate. Workers did not want to do extra work at their free time any more. The stewards and the company showed a neglect attitude towards the worker’s principles, which the author compares to â€Å"Thatcherism†. The introduction of the new initiatives was supposedly to provide benefits to everyone. It stated that it would help strengthen negotiations and mutual understanding between the two sides. The workers however, did not believe in this argument. They thought that the initiative would separate the employees instead of uniting them. The employees were ready to have endless negotiations with the managers, and were not ready to accept the new rules. Northern Plant wanted the employees to start using the U shaped structure which the company considered time saving. He managers called it the â€Å"multi-skilled process†. According to the workers however, the process just looked like the normal routine they always did when manufacturing under the traditional manufacturing process, but in different amounts. It is clear that change is a source of conflict and managers should ensure they have good strategies of managing change to deal with resistance. It is also clear that workers’ values should be recognized in making decisions and change in a company. The managers neglected the workers’ negotiation process. Conflict resolution also requires good management skills. The managers in the end, used the strategy of special consideration to deal with the resistance. The article has shown that the structures based on JIT and TQM management control are very powerful and are not easy to

The Role of the Clinical Nurse Specialist as an Advance Practice Nurse Research Paper

The Role of the Clinical Nurse Specialist as an Advance Practice Nurse - Research Paper Example The operational scope of clinical nurse specialists is wide, and this offers them a wide scope of coverage in their service delivery. The spectrum of operation includes dealing directly with patients, nursing personnel and the wider organizational structure of management concerned with issues of policy formulation and research implementation. The clinical nurse specialists may thus participate in the direct care of patients or engage in indirect care processes, which affect the care of a wider part of the patient population. Therefore, a clinical nurse specialist could take part in patient evaluation in one instance and in the next instance be part of a team building or overhauling a unit of healthcare professionals by making policies and recommendations on new evidence-based incorporations. The role of the clinical nurse specialist pervades the whole healthcare continuum, which includes interaction with the three important elements of the care system including the patient, nurse and system. These spheres overlap in the care continuum, and the roles of the CNS reaches all these spheres in an effort to improve nursing care and patient outcomes (Newhouse et al., 2011). The only difference in the operational set up is that the roles of the clinical nurse specialist vary subtly as s/he moves from one sphere to another in particular practice instances (Canam, 2005). Purpose of the Clinical Nurse Specialist as an Advance Practice Nurse The

Classification Of Network Topology

Classification Of Network Topology The term topology refers that way in which the end points, or stations, attached to the network are interconnected or it is the arrangements of systems in a computer network. It can be either physical or logical. The physical topology refers that, how a network is placed in a physical way and it will include the devices, installation and location. Logical topology refers that how a data transfers in a network as opposed to its design. The network topology can be categorized into bus, ring, star, tree and mesh. Hybrid networks (They are the complex networks, which can be built of two or more topologies together). Bus Topology A bus topology is characterized by the use of a multi point medium. A long and single cable acts as a backbone to connect all the devices in a network. In a bus topology, all computers are stations attaching through the tap (an interfacing hardware to connect to the network) and it connects directly to the bus network. Datas are transmitting and receiving to the bus, by the duplex actions between the tap and the device. Devices in the bus topology send a broadcast message to the other device for communications. But the proposed device can only accepts and processes the messages. Advantages Bus topology can install very easily on a network. Cabling will be less compare to other topologies because of the main backbone cable laid efficiently in the network path. Bus topology suited for a small network. If one computer fails in the network, the other computers are not affected they will continue to work. It is also less expensive than star topology. Disadvantages The cable length will limited and there by limits the number of stations. The main cable (backbone cable) fails, and then the entire network will fail. It is very difficult to trouble shoot. Maintenance cost is very high in a long run. Terminators are required for both the ends of the cable. Ring topology The ring topology is the network consists of dedicated point to point connection and a set of repeaters in a closed loop. Signals passing through ring in a single direction until they reach to its final destination. It may be clock wise or anti clock wise. Datas are transmitted in the form of frames. These topologies are used in school campuses and some office buildings. Advantages It performs better than star topology under heavy work load For managing the connection between the computers, there is no need for the network server. It is cheaper than star topology because of less wiring. By adding the token ring in the network, can create large network. Very order network because all the devices has a access to the token ring and opportunity to transmit. Disadvantages A failure or break in the ring, it can disable the entire network. It is much slower than an Ethernet network with under normal load. Any moves, changes and ads of the devices can affect the network. Network connection devices like (Network adapter cards and MAU) are much more expense than Ethernet cards. Star Topology Star topology is the network in which each station is directly connected to a central connecting node called hub. In star topology all the devices are not directly connected to one another. All the devices are connecting to the central server (switching hub). This topology does not enable the direct traffic between the devices in the network. A controller act as the interface between the devices. A star topology feature, each device needs only one link and one input/output port to connect the number devices in the network. This type of topology is used in local area networks (LAN) and sometimes high speed LAN often uses a star topology with central hub. Advantages If anyone connection is fails in the network, it will not affect the entire network. Only that connection or link affected. It is easy to identify the fault and fault isolation. Easy to expand the network in the star topology. No failure to the network when connecting or removing devices. It is very easy to manage because of its simplicity in the function. Disadvantages In a star topology, if the central connecting device goes down, the entire network will fails. It requires more cable length compared to the linear bus topology. Star topology is more expensive than bus topology because o the connection ports like hub. Tree Topology Tree topology is the generalized form of the bus topology. It integrates the multiple star topologies together on to a bus. The data transmission of the tree topology, through the cables with closed loops. The transmission medium is a branching cable with no closed loops. The layout of the tree topology is beginning at the head end. These layouts have many branches and these are quite complex layouts in the topology. Any transmission from the device is going through the medium and it can receive by all other devices in the tree topology network. Tree Topology will give the expansion of the existing network. Advantages Tree topology is well supported by the hardware and software vendors. Point to point wiring for each and every segments of the network. It is the best topology for the branched networks. Disadvantages It is more expensive because more hubs are required to install the network. Tree topology is entirely depends upon the backbone line, if it fails then the entire network would fail. It is very difficult to configure and wire than other network topologies. In a tree topology, the length of network depends on the type of cable being used. Mesh Topology In a mesh topology, every device has connected to each other or a dedicated point to point link to every other device. (Dedicated term means that the traffic links only between the two devices it connects). To find the number of physical links in a fully connected mesh network with n nodes, we first consider that each node must be connected to other node. Node 1 must be connected to n-1nodes, node 2 must be connected to n-1nodes, and finally node n must be connected n-1 nodes. If each physical link in the network can allow the communication in both directions, we can divide the number of links by 2.In other words we can say that in a mesh topology, we need n (n-1)/2. Suppose if we are connecting 15 nodes in a mesh topology, then the number of cables required; CN = n (n-1)/2 CN = Number of cables = 15 (15 1)/2 n = Node = 15*14/2 = 15*7 = 105 Therefore, the total number of cables required for connecting 15 nodes = 105. Advantages There is no traffic problem because of the dedicated link in the mesh network. Mesh topology is very strong. If any link becomes not active it does not deactivate the entire system. Point-to-point links make full identification and fault isolation easy. Security or privacy for data travels along the dedicated line. Network can be expanded without any disruptions to the users. Disadvantages Installation and reconnection are difficult. Mesh topology required more cabling and the number input/output ports comparing with other network topologies. Sheer bulk of the wiring can be greater than the available space can accommodate. The hardware required to connect each link can be prohibitively expensive. Hybrid Topology A network can be hybrid, which uses two or more network topologies together in a network. An example of hybrid technology is the star ring network. OSI Model in the Network The OSI model was developed by the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) in 1947, as a model for a computer protocol architecture and as a frame work for developing protocol standards. The purpose of the OSI model is show how the communications are going through in a network between different systems. The OSI model is not a protocol; it is a model for understanding a network architecture .This model is flexible, very strong and interoperable. The OSI model is a layered frame work for the design of network systems that allows communication between all types of computer systems. OSI model contains of seven layers, each of which defines a part of the process moving information across a network. The OSI reference model has been divided into two categories according to their specific functions in the network architecture; upper layers and lower layers. The lower layers are used to allow traffic through the network to the other system. The other four layers are used to complete the process to the other system. The Advantages of the OSI model are given below It helps the user to understand the whole features involved in networking OSI model gives a better understanding to the users that how a software and hardware components working together in the networks. Troubleshooting in the OSI model is easier as it breaks the network into usable layers The basic functional relationship terms are defined so that it can be used by network professional on another network The users can understand new technologies as they develop in this model Upper Layers of the OSI Models are; Application layer Presentation layer Session layer The upper layers have act as an interface between the end user and the applications. It consists of all the issues about the application, presentation and sessions and these layers are applied in software only. The application layer is more close to the end user. Examples of upper layer technologies in the OSI model are SNMP, FTP, and WWW etc. Lower Layers of the OSI Model Transport Layer Network Layer Data link Layer Physical Layer These layers provide network specific functions like data transport issues (flow control, addressing and routing). The bottom layers in the OSI model (physical layer and data link layer) can use in software and hardware also. TCP, UDP, IP, IPX are some examples for the lower layers. Application layer The application layer act as the interface to the end users can access the network. Application layer is the layer the user sees in contest of loading an application such as e-mail, supporting the file transfer, ability to print on a network, surfing the World Wide Web etc. These layer have another specific functions like network virtual terminal, access and management, mail services and directory services. Protocols used in this layer are SMTP, Telnet, FTP, and SNMP. Presentation layer In the presentation layer, the application formats the data to be sent out on the network depending on the presentation layer. The presentation allows applications to read and understand the data or message sent.The presentation layer is also responsible for the translation, compression and encryption. Messages are sending between the layers. Presentation layer will translate data into understandable for the transmission. This layer also handles the encryption, decryption, data compression and decompression. Session layer The session layer is the network dialog controller. It establishes, maintains and synchronizes the interaction among communicating systems. This layer is responsible for opening, using and closing session. It handles the remote procedure calls. Session layers are communication through the gateways and application interfaces. Session layer will also places check points in the data flow. Examples for the session layer are SQL, ASP, and RPC etc. Transport layer The transport layer offers end to end communication between the two end networks devices in a network. The transport layer is also responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another. A process is an application program running on a host. The transport layer ensures that the whole message arrives intact and in order, overseeing both error control and flow control at the source-to-destination level. Transport layer gives a type of address to the data called port address. Transport layer also have the responsibilities of detecting transmission error and the proper sequence. This layer divides the messages into smaller packets and it controls the data flow. Network layer A Network layer provides the end to end (source to destination) delivery of a packet, across the multiple networks (links). This layer ensures that each packet gets from its point of origin to its final destination. Network layer gives logical addressing, so that endpoint (receiver) can be identified. During a packet delivery process it send messages and report errors. This layer also defines the routing works and how routers can learn how a packet can deliver. Examples for network layer protocols are IP, IPX, and TCMP etc. Data link layer A Data link layer transforms the physical layer, a raw transmission facility, to a reliable link. It makes the physical layer appear error-free to the upper layer. This layer divides the datas into frames and gives the physical address. It uses the MAC address for define a hardware or data link address .Data link layer handles the flow control, error control and the access control. This layer can identify the specific computer on the network. Data link layer contains two sub layers; Logical Link Control and Medium Access Control. LLC is the upper layer and which maintain and establish the communication links to the device. And it also responsible for the frame error control and addressing.MAC is the lower sub layer of the data link layer. It controls how the devices sharing the media channel. Physical layer A Physical layer is used to define the connector and interface conditions, also the medium requirements which are cables. The Electrical, Mechanical, Procedural and Functional conditions are also defined by sending a bit stream on the network. This layer defines the characteristics and different types of medium. Physical layer defines the data rate i.e. the duration of a bit or how long they will exist. Physical layer will tell the transmission mode between two devices. Examples for the physical layers are Cables, hubs, switches, repeaters etc. Conclusion Network topologies helps the user to understand the whole features involved in networking and also how the software hardware components together in networks. Network topology provides easy to trouble shooting the OSI models. Users can understand very well about the new technologies in the OSI model. Resources I have searched various websites and books for gathering information about the network topologies and OSI model. Strength of the project I have studied the assignment very deeply and did very hard work for doing this assignment. I collected different type of resources for getting the information for this project like books, journals and websites etc. The project has been completed with the support of my lecture by giving some useful tips. Effective time scheduling really helps me for doing the project. Weaknesses of the project It was very hard to find out the important information for this assignment. Lack of experience for doing these kinds of assignment. What I learned from this project Project planning is very much important for doing a successful project. If we can spend relatively more time on our project, it will be much better for the project. I have learnt how to work under pressure and how to complete the given project in a scheduled time.

The Impact of the Tuberculosis Vaccine Essay -- Biology Medical Biomed

The Impact of the Tuberculosis Vaccine Abstract Tuberculosis is one of the most infectious diseases in the world. With almost one third of the world infected with this virus, people are striving to help prevent the spread of this disease (NIAID, 2001). One prevention technique for tuberculosis is the BCG (Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin) vaccine. In the early twentieth century Calmette and Guerin worked together to isolate a strain of the disease creating the first BCG vaccine. Throughout the century the scientists improved the BCG vaccine and today there are several different strains of the vaccine available. However, even today its full effects on the disease are unknown. The exploration of the effects of the vaccine, the best administration techniques, and who should be vaccinated continues. Throughout the Twentieth Century, Tuberculosis has impacted people around the world. While some countries see the impacts of tuberculosis less than others, the threat of this infectious disease looms across the horizon. Today, this organism affects one third of the population and is one of the most threatening of infectious diseases (NIAID, 2001). The BCG vaccine (Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin), is administrated in many high risk countries to combat the disease. Although scientists have improved the vaccine throughout the nineteenth century and the vaccine helps to combat some tuberculosis, its prevention is still far from perfect. The BCG vaccine is formed from a live strain of Mycobacterium bovis (WHO, 2005). The Mycobacterium bovis strain is taken from cows. It is a relative of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, which affects humans; however, Mycobacterium bovis affects cows and humans alike. Isolating a strain of this living organism... ...h. 7/25/2005: http://www.pedresearch.org/cgi/content/full/55/2/347 2. Fine, P. and Carneiro I. et al. (1999, November). Issues relating the use of BCG in immunization programmes. World Health Organization. 7/19/2005: http://www.who.int/vaccines-documents/DocsPDF99/www9943.pdf 3. Ginsberg A. (2001, January). Tuberculosis Vaccine. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 7/19/2005: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/dmid/tuberculosis/tbvaccine.htm 4. Keep Kids Healthy. (2001, April). Tuberculosis in Children. Keep Kids Healthy. 7/21/2005: http://www.keepkidshealthy.com/welcome/infectionsguide/tuberculosis.html 5. WHO. (2005). BCG-the current vaccine for tuberculosis. World Health Organization. 7/25/2005: http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/tb/vaccine_development/bcg/en/print.html 6. Yancey, D. 2001. Tuberculosis. Brookfield: Twenty-First Century Books.

Sales and Inventory “Sheryn “

Chapter 1: Introduction I. INTRODUCTION In today's business environment, even small and mid-sized businesses have come to rely on computerized sales and inventory systems. Certainly, there are plenty of small retail outlets, manufacturers, and other businesses that continue to rely on manual means of inventory tracking. Indeed, for some small businesses, like convenience stores, shoe stores, or computer shops, purchase of an electronic inventory tracking system might constitute a wasteful use of financial resources.But for other firms operating in industries and features high volume turnover of raw materials and/or finished products, computerized tracking systems have emerged as a key component of business strategies aimed at increasing productivity and maintaining competitiveness. Moreover, the recent development of powerful computer programs capable of addressing a wide variety of record keeping needs—including inventory management—in one integrated system have also c ontributed to the growing popularity of electronic inventory control option.Computers began from a wild imaginative idea to the world’s highly prioritized tool. Computers today are now used as a substitute to manual processes and other past inventions like the radio, television, etc. It is now used by people for much simpler, easier and faster way to do things. Some used it as a hobby, and some use it as a job. 1. 1Background of the Study We the graduating students needs 1. 1. 1 History Memory Hub Computer is located on the 2nd floor of Lotus Mall, Nueno Ave.Imus city Cavite was a branch of the main shop located in the Robinson Mall. Its operation started back in 2007 who owned by a Chinese businessman who decided to invest his money in a right business opportunity like a desktop computer packages shop. Back then , in 2008 it become successful and the consumer demanded fore more. So the owner decided to expand its branch population here in the Cavite. 1. 1. 2 Mission and Visi on Why do we need a mission ? A Mission Statement defines the organization's purpose and primary objectives.Its prime function is internal – to define the key measure or measures of the organization's success – and its prime audience is the leadership team and stockholders. Why do we need a vision ? Organisations need to know where they are heading and what they are trying to accomplish and to state this clearly for getting there is dependent on the efforts of a large number of people – not all of whom can just be assumed to instinctively know what the collective goal is. An institution’s vision statement is thus an articulation of its major goals and ambitions.The organisation which does not articulate its vision for the future will not necessarily fail, indeed it may continue to ‘tick over’ quite nicely, but nor is it likely to thrive. It stands less chance of growing, expanding and improving because it has no clear idea of what direction o r form this growth, expansion or improvement should take. Not every good idea can be funded and not every opportunity pursued. Without a clear idea of where the institution is heading there is no sound basis for prioritising these decisions, resulting in an institution which is paddling as hard as it can, but making little real progress.Vision Statements also define the organizations purpose, but this time they do so in terms of the organization's values rather than bottom line measures (values are guiding beliefs about how things should be done. ) The vision statement communicates both the purpose and values of the organization. For employees, it gives direction about how they are expected to behave and inspires them to give their best. Shared with customers, it shapes customers' understanding of why they should work with the organization. 1. 1. 2. 1 MissionWe Memory Hub Computer wants to Give the best service and good quality to our valued costumers and make sure you will get best offer and best product. 1. 1. 2. 2 Vision Memoryhub Computer’s bring you a cheapest price but highly and good quality products. 1. 2 Statement of the Problem 1. 2. 1 General Statement of the Problem Based on our observation the manager is too busy in making a sales and inventory so we decided to make a program that can solved their problem no more hassle, time consumming and effortless and that program is a computerized sales and inventory by the used of computer the manager can do the task faster . . 2. 2 Specific Statement of the Problem Taking down sales and inventory manually it is a problem? Yes, because in our generation we have a lot of modern technology so that you can work faster and easier. So our group aim is to make a program that computerized by the used of computer you cannot write it in a paper , you can do your task less effort and time consuming. 1. 3 Objectives of the Study 1. 3. 1 General Objectives One of the problem in Memory Hub Computer is the manual s ales and inventory we decided to make a program that can solve their problem and that is Computerized Sales and Inventory. . 3. 2 Specific Objectives Having a computerized Sales and Inventory system they can filter, sort and searching data quickly by the used of computer rather than taking down ineventory mannually. 1. 4 Significance of the Study can create a system to support In the implementation of the enhanced computerized billing system, Cavite Landmark Marketing Incorporated and One Magnolia Place Realty’s will have a more secured business transaction. One Magnolia Place Realty employees will benefit this study in everyday transactions pertaining to their tenants billing payment and information.The importance of this study is to make a comparison between the current the project that was given by ourinstitution,Datacom Institute of Computer Technology. 1. 5 Scope and Limitation Scope means the extent of your investigation. Limitations are the limits or things you did not investigate, or the reasons why your conclusions may not be valid. The â€Å"scope† section is where you list what you are doing. The â€Å"bounds† section is where you set the boundaries and you list some thing explicitly that you are not doing because they are outside the bounds of the project.At first, having two sections sounds redundant, but it removes ambiguity. Try to imagine questions and head them off. You might know what you mean by â€Å"high school† but some people reading your work may have different interpretations. Don't assume too much about your readers. Limitations are the circumstances which are not considered in the thesis because of some reasons like if a student interprets the relation between inflation and interest rates then the limitation can be the 100% accuracy of data.Moreover, all the situations which can limit the interpretation of data are considered the limitations. It is very important to describe the limitations in thesis, so t hat the reader may know about the circumstances in which the researcher has conducted the thesis. . 1. 5. 1 Scopes The proposed system of Memory Hub Computer is designed to have an ability of filtering,sorting,searching, storing and saving data. It can access by the used of username and password but it has a limitation.You can make your inventory faster by the used of computer. You can do other task fast. You can consume your time wise. 1. 5. 2 Limitations All programs has a limitations , so our system design has an ability of serching , storing and saving but it has a limitation like you cannot edit data without the permission of manager because it has a username and password. Another one is you cannot put the number of stocks, the stocks that left, and so on without computer because it is computerized.

Violence and Societal Change in Beowulf Essay - 1305 Words

It is said that up to thirty thousand men may have died at the battle of Hastings, a conflict that occurred almost one thousand years ago. World War II, which lasted less than seven years, has been estimated to be responsible for up to forty million deaths. Thus, many people often ask the question why? Why does such conflict occur? Who or what is responsible? The culprit does not hide nor has it escaped scrutiny and blame. It comes in many shapes and sizes, faces and places. It is called violence and the potential for it resides in every single person on this earth. Whose violence conquers all? It is hard to measure the significance of violence, especially when it can cause so much destruction and death as well as stimulation. However,†¦show more content†¦It is through these acts of violence that societal change is achieved and order restored. â€Å"†¦History is a continuous clash between conflicting ideas and forces†. That’s how the fifth Canadian edition of â€Å"Sociology In our Times† summarizes Karl Marx’s ideologies on conflict and change and that is the premise of Beowulf. The history of the Danish society is described during the prologue of the story and is immediately tied into violence and can clearly be identified with this passage, â€Å"Beow’s name was known through the north†¦afterward in age when fighting starts/ steadfast companions will stand by him/ and hold the line† (Beowulf 34, 19-24). The author admittedly points out right after this that â€Å"Behaviour that’s admired/ is the path to power among people everywhere† (34, 24-25). It is evident then that violence in Beowulf is a behaviour that should be associated and recognized by admiration. Furthermore, it is apparent that fighting and conflict form the foundations of the society that B eowulf lives in through this passage â€Å"The fortunes of war favored Hrothgar./ Friends and kinsmen flocked to his ranks,/ young followers, a force that grew/ to be a mighty army†. (Beowulf 35, 64-67) Hence, before Beowulf is even introduced to the poem it is understood that violence is central to the functioning of the society. The very presence of Beowulf in Beowulf arises from the need for change. This change is brought about by violence and isShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Female Heroism Through The Epic Of Beowulf1660 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf is known for displaying the importance of male heroism via Beowulf, but what about the significance of the women in the poem? The significance of women in Beowulf is overshadowed by the great heroism of the character Beowulf, but the women each have a reason for participating in the epic. The ideal woman was someone who was a noble, a mistress and loyal. An ideal woman is described in Maxim I: â€Å"at mead drinking she must at all times and places approach the protector of princes first, in front